全肉飲食

I realize this is a huge leap for people to make, especially considering all the prominent messages around meat these days. Be it on our evolutionary physiology or the nutritional content of meat, hopefully with this article, I can clear up some misconceptions about meat.

The knee-jerk reaction

事實上,我對一般營養學的先入為主的觀念的證據的加重和科學界居高臨下的反應,感到氣憤。 

令人深感不安的是,為什麽人們如此強烈地反對或害怕肉類?

Watch to 20:20

雖然我確信這一切都是善意的,但各個管理機構和相關的既得利益者都在協同努力地詆毀肉類和飽和脂肪。然而,這些政策充其量只是基於脆弱的流行病學研究,卻經不起任何科學審查的推敲。在不考慮實際健康結果的情況下,對整個國家的飲食進行全面改變是一個危險的實驗,而且它必慘遭失敗。

As you can see, “science” can and has been manipulated.

吃肉的好處

因此,請拋開對肉類的不信任,肉類並不是什麽應該避免的可怕毒素。請把“以免你想患上結腸癌和心臟病等疾病”這類說法放到一邊,聽聽肉類到底能對你的健康帶來什麼實際的好處。

An excellent brief explainer of carnivore in a nutshell.

生理學

我想在這里花點時間,回到基礎知識上來。我相信我們當中的許多人都看過將我們的牙齒與食草動物進行比較的視頻,或者將一個嬰兒與一個蘋果和一只兔子放在一起,然後明確聲明我們是食草動物。但是,這些廉價的比較一點都不好。

首先,我們的腸子的構造更像食肉動物,而不是食草動物的。我們的內臟只占消化道的20%,而在我們的靈長類祖先中,牠們的內臟占50%。所有這些額外的空間是為了讓牠們能夠從結腸中的纖維中,獲取短鏈脂肪酸。我們的結腸明顯較短,根本不適合這種功能。那麽,我們從什麽地方提取能量呢?這需要通過直接食用脂肪,並讓脂肪在我們相對較長的小腸中吸收。

Watch to 15:07
Watch to 20:13
  • 食肉動物在2-2.5歲時斷奶較快,而黑猩猩在5-7歲時斷奶。這就意味著,由於(食肉動物?)幼崽斷奶後的食物營養密度與牛奶相似,因此與那些以更多纖維食物斷奶的幼崽相比,斷奶時間更早。
  • 我們的胃的酸度更接近食腐動物和食肉動物的酸度。這種酸度水平是為了處理腐肉中常見的微生物,以及幫助消化蛋白質。

動物性食物與植物性食物的基本營養物質對比

From Carnivore code by Dr. Paul Saladino

許多人說,是“火”開啟了人類對高熱量的需求,但我們大腦體積的迅速增加遠早於石器、狩獵和脂肪。

僅從數字上看,肉類的營養密度比植物高。如果人們要把它與植物相提並論,他們就必須拿出一整天的時間來吃東西,才有可能接近肉類的營養密度。

Watch to 23:02

動物來源的營養素以適當的形式供我們使用,並且不包含干擾吸收的抗營養因子。DHA是一種重要的歐米茄-3脂肪酸,主要來源於動物。它構成了大腦物質的很大一部分,我們會因缺乏它而付出很高的代價。我們可以從植物來源轉換ALA,ALA是DHA的前體,但轉換的效率非常低。蛋白質也是相關的,因為動物來源的生物利用率最高,而且有適當的比例。

維生素A

Vitamin A from animal sources can be readily used by the body; however vitamin A comes in precursor forms from plant sources which require extra steps to convert in the body before it can be used. This reaction is inefficient and some people are not even able to perform the conversion at all.

B12、鐵、鋅和牡蠣

動物性食物中含有B12和血紅素鐵的形式,我們的身體知道如何使用它們。同樣地,植物含有抗營養因子,即使一開始就攝入了足夠的量,也會阻礙營養物質的吸收。

Watch to 30:46

那麽壞血病和維生素C呢?

維生素C被轉化為肉鹼,用於脂肪代謝和能量平衡。肉堿可以從肉類來源中獲得,因此我們也稱之為 “肉”。這樣做可以節省維生素C,而且你不需要像那些不吃大量肉類的人一樣,需要攝入很多的維生素 C。除此以外,葡萄糖會與維生素C競爭,所以只吃動物類的產品也會消除來自葡萄糖的競爭。

Watch to 35:27 (37:04)

TL;DR

我們人類具有吃肉和脂肪的生物硬件及歷史。恰恰是吃肉,才是造就我們的原因。植物來源的加工和營養物質的提取,基本上被外包給了其他動物。具體來說,在食肉動物的飲食中減少植物材料,可以消除大量的抗營養物質和其他幹擾消化和吸收的化合物。不僅如此,動物來源的蛋白質質量要高得多,而且含有植物性食物中不容易被找到的其他基本營養物質。因此,多吃動物性產品符合我們每個人的最佳利益。

Other resources:

CARNIVORE Diet (Beginner’s Guide) All You Need – 2021

Carnivore Diet: Should You Try This? (Your DNA Might Matter)

Paul Saladino, MD on Everything You Thought You Knew About Food Might Be Wrong

Animal Food vs. Plant Food, The Conclusion | Paul Saladino, MD

Dr. Paul Mason – ‘Carnivore Diet & Optimal Health’

Dr. Shawn Baker – ‘Evidence Based Nutrition?’

Carnivore Diet: The Improved Performance Case ft. Dr. Shawn Baker || #95

Carnivory – a cure or a risk? — Diet Doctor Podcast with Amber O’Hearn

The Science behind Human Carnivory – Can Carnivore Cure?? Podcast 23

#183 – Can a carnivore diet provide all essential nutrients?

https://www.sapien.org/plants

Why Americans Eat So Much Meat – Cheddar Explains

Balls *and* Brains: The Science and History of Offal

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Pond, C. M., & Mattacks, C. A. (1985). Body mass and natural diet as determinants of the number and volume of adipocytes in eutherian mammals. Journal of morphology185(2), 183–193. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051850204

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Magdalena S Rosell, Zouë Lloyd-Wright, Paul N Appleby, Thomas AB Sanders, Naomi E Allen, Timothy J Key, Long-chain n–3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in plasma in British meat-eating, vegetarian, and vegan men, The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Volume 82, Issue 2, August 2005, Pages 327–334, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/82.2.327

Solomons, N. W., Jacob, R. A., Pineda, O., & Viteri, F. (1979). Studies on the bioavailability of zinc in man. II. Absorption of zinc from organic and inorganic sources. The Journal of laboratory and clinical medicine94(2), 335–343.

Gilsing, A. M., Crowe, F. L., Lloyd-Wright, Z., Sanders, T. A., Appleby, P. N., Allen, N. E., & Key, T. J. (2010). Serum concentrations of vitamin B12 and folate in British male omnivores, vegetarians and vegans: results from a cross-sectional analysis of the EPIC-Oxford cohort study. European journal of clinical nutrition64(9), 933–939. https://doi.org/10.1038/ejcn.2010.142

Health Quality Ontario (2013). Vitamin B12 and cognitive function: an evidence-based analysis. Ontario health technology assessment series13(23), 1–45.

Murray-Kolb, L. E., & Beard, J. L. (2007). Iron treatment normalizes cognitive functioning in young women. The American journal of clinical nutrition85(3), 778–787. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/85.3.778

Thane, C. W., & Bates, C. J. (2000). Dietary intakes and nutrient status of vegetarian preschool children from a British national survey. Journal of human nutrition and dietetics : the official journal of the British Dietetic Association13(3), 149–162. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-277x.2000.00227.x

Phinney S. D. (2004). Ketogenic diets and physical performance. Nutrition & metabolism1(1), 2. https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-7075-1-2

Ocklenburg, S., & Borawski, J. (2021). Vegetarian diet and depression scores: A meta-analysis. Journal of affective disorders294, 813–815. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2021.07.098

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